How to import goods into Nigeria: a complete guide
Importing into Nigeria is a real opportunity, but it comes with real complexity. Here is what you actually need to know — without the jargon and without the hype.
Understanding HS codes
Every product has a Harmonized System code. The HS code determines your duty rate. Getting it wrong is the single most common mistake importers make. The same product can attract a 5% duty or a 40% duty depending on classification.
Form M and PAAR
Form M is required for all imports into Nigeria. It is submitted to the bank and validated by customs. After the goods arrive, a Pre-Arrival Assessment Report determines the actual duty to pay.
The hidden costs of importation
Beyond duty, you pay VAT (7.5%), levies, terminal handling charges, and clearing agent fees. Total landed cost is often 40-60% higher than the sticker price of the goods. Do the math before you buy.
Choosing a clearing agent
A good clearing agent saves you time and money. A bad one loses your shipment and stops answering the phone. Check reviews, insist on a written contract, and never pay 100% upfront.
What to avoid
Avoid under-declaring the value of your goods. It is a crime and customs will inspect. Avoid shipping with unverified forwarders. Avoid buying large quantities before you have tested demand for the product.
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